Gender Roles In Society Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Feminism

Gender Roles In Society The world today has changed in many aspects of gender related life style. Yet there is an area of improvement in the focus of gender: based on labour and the patriarchial working woman. The class society have a great impact on the behaviour women carry out. The different theories and definitions help to explain the relationship of the construction of the gender. Feminism has a great impact on the gender role in our society. Feminists have been fighting for a long time for power and control in this man's world. Our family structure creates a great impact on women's behaviour in society, family life and the labour force. All these titles focus on the relatonship of gender. Gender is best described the construction of what is culturally assumed as ?femininity?as well as ?masculiniity?. Lesbian and gay male theory of a feminist is beyond the logic of masculine/femine. It is also referred to the social and cultural categories of the biological fact of human sex differentiation. Teresa de Lauretis uses this table: (1) Gender is (a) representation-which is not to say that it does not have concrete or real implications, both social and subjective, for the material life of individuals. On the contrary, (2) The representation of gender is its construction - and in the simplest sense it can be said that all of Western Art and high culture is the engraving of the history of that construction. (3) The construction of gender goes on as busily today as it did in earlier times, say the Victorian era. And it goes on not only where one might expect it to - in the media, the private and public schools, the courts, the family, nuclear or extended or single - parented. The construction of gender also goes on, if less obviously, in the academy, in the intellectual community, in avantgarde artistic practices and radical theories, even, and indeed especially, in feminism. (4) Paradoxically, therefore, the construction of gender is also effected by its deconstruction; that is to say, by any discourse, feminist or otherwise, that would discard it as ideological misrepresentation, for gender like the real, is not only the effect of representation but also its excess, what remains outside discourse as a potential trauma which can rupture or destabilize, if not contained, any representation (Winders 15). The Aristotelian view of the natural role of ?civilized? woman as a wife and mother. A rational man's view for a woman is the daily chores and responsibilities of nurturing children and running a houshold; leisure time is not necessary for a wife and mother. The ?uncivilized? woman is a slave or a serf or a labourer, or from a ?savage? race, is even more handicapped by her social role and her natural abilities. On the same note, a laboured woman of these groups would completely shoutout the life of leisure. The Descartes method can be acquired knowledge by breaking down complex beliefs and experiences. The simple natures are uncovered and examined closely to understand how they combine and to build up other objects. According to Princess Elizabeth of Behemia who corresponds to the method does not lead her enough time for her to acquire a habit of meditation or other inerests in her household. On the other hand, a poor woman would find it impossible. In class and race it becomes clear that Descartes's rational man is not only male but an upper-class, European male. A woman who wishes to follow Descartes's method must ignore her cultural roles and see the skills and thought that are combined and free from reason. In a family setting equality is not practised for women. Rational and formal equality is taken for granted in a domestic admisphere based on tradition and ?natural? inequalities. Joan Acker's of gender: the abstract worker is actually a man, and it is the man's body, its sexuality, minimal responsibility in procreation, and conventional control of emotions that pervades work and organizational processes. Women's bodies-female sexuality, their ability to procreate and their pregnancy, breast-feeding, and child care, menstruation, and mythic ?emotionality?-are suspect, stigmatized, and used as grounds for control and exclusion (Williams 228). The structural deflection is changing formal equality for a true equality or changing the goal of the

Paradox of the Republic essays

Paradox of the Republic essays Paradoxes are ideas that seem to be in opposition to one another but are mutually needed to function. In Platos Republic he discusses several paradoxes. While reading The Republic we can see which side of these paradoxes Plato favors. We find which side he feels should be stressed so that we may live in a reasonable and safe society and be better human beings. There are three categories in which these paradoxes have been divided into: ethical, metaphysical and political. Plato was a legendary Athenian philosopher. His main influence was his teacher, Socrates, whom he thought died unjustly. The Republic was written in dialogues narrated by Socrates. These dialogues were Socrates teachings as best Plato could remember them. His writings left an undeniable mark on the world. The Republic was one of his most famous works. It outlines the core of his beliefs. Politically, Plato explains the paradox of justice and the law. Plato believes that absolute justice is the same for everyone without exception. This justice goes beyond power and or money. He feels justice is not necessarily the law. Law is an imperfect form of justice. What is legal is not necessarily moral. In Book 1 of Platos The Republic, Plato explains that justice is a balance between reason, courage and mans needs or in other words, the head, the heart and the stomach. He goes on to explain that justice or fairness does not always mean equal. The law may change but justice remains constant. A good rule or law however is a just rule. Plato felt that to get people to act justly one must teach them ethics and values. He also believed that along with these ethics and values we must have a reasonable understanding of these rules. An understanding of these rules is needed so people are more apt to comply with them and therefore maintain a just and fair society. Another paradox discussed in Platos The Republic is authority and lib...

Wanderer in a Waste Land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wanderer in a Waste Land - Essay Example Indeed, his reference to the fire represents certain unnecessary desires for human beings. In particular, Eliot suggests in â€Å"The Fire Sermon† that these desires cause intense destruction to their respective immediate environments. Ideally, human beings should be free from such desires as numerous seductions (Thesing & Wrede). However, this is not what happens in the contemporary world, as Eliot would wish. The fire burns up a moral civilization and replaces it with one that is sinful in a symbolic manner. Consequently, the desires, which Eliot dislikes, cause uncountable evils hence the need to avoid them. There is a noteworthy divergence in the use of fire in this film called â€Å"The Way Back†. This is because fire does not refer to any human sins in this film. However, it is a positive phenomenon for the wanderer who experiences several hardships. For example, the wanderer needs the fire to warm himself on his way to India. The wanderer cannot survive without the fire given that the place he has to go through has extremely cold weather. In addition, the nights get cold hence necessitating the presence of the fire to the wanderer. Moreover, the wanderer must have fire to cook all the foods because there are no alternative cooking methods in the desert. The fire also plays other significant roles in the wilderness, for example, providing light (Weir). Eliot uses the phenomenon of water to introduce a feeling of realizing ones sins. For example, in this section of the poem he reveals characters who finally understand their sins. In addition, these characters wish to cleanse their respective souls because they now hate sin. Consequently, this significant realization occurs through water. Indeed, there is an admirable change in the characters that change from their respective sinful manners. Consequently, the film uses water to indicate an element of survival for the wanderers

The Forest People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Forest People - Essay Example This society viewed their world as a place with no evil as they got everything the forest without necessary clearing any forested area to cultivate and plant food. Everything was in the forest that they required. Anybody who didn’t understand the forest views it as hostile and dangerous, contrary to this BaMbuti had a different perception of the forest. Those who lived outside the village perceived the forest as fearful and evil. BaMbuti never viewed the forest as evil either did they possess any fear of living in the forest. The forest was their home, â€Å"for them it is a good world† (pg15). Forest was their cosmos and in return it supplied them with all their needs. They mastered the art of living in the forest that no outsider could comprehend how they did it while the outsiders viewed the forest as an impossible place to live in. Men and women had different roles to play in the society, and this phenomenon can be described as a division of labor. A normal day in the â€Å"pygmy village was alive with women bundling up their household possessions in the baskets they would carry on their backs. The men were busy checking their hunting nets, examining their arrow shafts and testing their bows, or sharpening the blades of their spear†. (pg53). Hunting was affair of men and for this reason they were obliged to train the young boys to hunt. Moneys and birds were hunted by men using bows and arrows. The women could travel collecting mushrooms and roots for the evening meals, this illustration indicates that the women were solely responsible for evening meals. The women were also obliged to cook for their husbands, â€Å"†¦ watching his third and youngest wife, Kamaika, cooking his breakfast.† (pg54). Thatching of huts was a role that was conferred to women â€Å"Ageronga’s wife prepares a bundle of mongongo leaves for thatching her hut.† It was also the obligation of women

Muslims and Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Muslims and Americans - Essay Example That day, though I doubted people knew what I was going to do, I was still shaking as I was carrying a black bag and on my chest with a bomb inside. I was trying to hide it by crossing my arms over my chest. I started to worry. It seemed to me that the police were still coming for me. When the airport announced my flight, I went to the check into the gate. After that, I was trying to get the bomb out of my bag really quickly. Then, the police attacked me. The police caught me before I destroyed the airport and killed everyone. Unfortunately, I was trying to bomb the airport to help Muslim people and finally put an end to discrimination. I am a terrorist. People like me were built to destroy. Most people are afraid of me because I really look bloodthirsty. I am savage because everything that is taken away from me will surely have to face a bitter revenge from me. When someone steals anything from me, I try to cut off the thief’s hand immediately without any remorse. Also, everybody knows that I hate women because I really do not like to look at them. I do not treat women the same way that I treat men because I am better than all of them. I have high regard for religion. I do not drink alcohol because it does not suit my palate, and I am smarter than people who drink alcohol. Also, I do not eat pork because I think that pork is damned meat. All these written above would exactly be how Americans would write about my life today. But the truth is, I am not a single thing mentioned above. I am a young Muslim. I do not kill people, I have very close American friends, and have never done anything to hurt anyone. I do not drink alcohol or eat pork, and I respect all kind of people just like how I want to be respected. I have been living in the U.S. for two years, and I observed that most Americans think that all Saudi Muslims are terrorists. This is one of the dumbest things about Americans.

Quantum Chemistry: Molecular Geometry of Water Molecule

Quantum Chemistry: Molecular Geometry of Water Molecule Question 1: Optimize the molecular geometry of a water molecule (H2O) at HF/STO-3G level of theory in Gaussian-09 through the GaussView Visualization software package on the desktops provided. Give optimized bond length lengths and angles using this combination of methods and basis set. Ans. Bond Length = 0.98927 Ã… and the Bond Angle H-O-H is 100.035 degrees Recalculate the geometry using an alternative method of your own choice. Ans. Using Semi-empirical (PM6) we get a bond length of 0.94911 Ã… and a Bond Angle H-O-H is 107.488 degrees. Give molecular orbital diagram with drawings of the molecular orbitals. You may have to rerun the calculation with pop=full included.  ­Ans. Molecular orbitals for isolated H-O-H molecule were calculated using Hartree-Fock wave function and STO-3G basis set. [1][2] HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) and LUMO (Lowest Occupied Molecular Orbital) HOMO LUMO HOMO: Mainly pz2 is character with no contribution from Hydrogen 1s orbital but contributes to lone pair effects. LUMO: O-H antibonding with greatest electron density around Oxygen atom. Lowest Energy Orbital 1a1 contributed by 1s orbital of Oxygen Atom (approximately spherical). 2nd Lowest Energy Orbital 2a1 (close to non-bonding) contributed mostly by 2s orbital of Oxygen Atom (approximately spherical). Also contributes to O-H bonds. Energy Orbital 1b2 (non-bonding) contributed by 1s orbital of Hydrogen Atom and 2s plus 2px orbitals of Oxygen Atom leading to O-H bonds. Energy Orbital 3a1 (non-bonding) contributed by 1s orbital of Hydrogen Atom and 2s plus 2pz orbitals of Oxygen Atom leading to O-H bonds. Highest occupied molecular orbital 1b1 (non-bonding) with pz2 character. No contribution from Hydrogen atoms. How will the geometry change when and electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital is removed? Calculate the energy of H2O+, i.e. water with a charge of 1 and multiplicity 2. Ans. Using Hartree-Fock Wave Function with STO-3G basis set for a Water molecule with +1 charge and multiplicity 2, we get Bond length = 0.96 Ã… Bond Angle H-O-H = 109.5 degrees Energy of H2O+ = -75.2017003581 A.U. (atomic units) How will the geometry change when an electron is removed from the second highest occupied molecular orbital of H2O? Ans. If an electron is removed from the second highest occupied molecular orbital and electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital will move down to stabilize the oxygen atom and giving it a negative charge leading to a single lone pair. The original water molecule has 2 lone pairs and repulsion leads to a bond angle approximately 104.5 degrees, on removing an electron the repulsion force decreases leading to a larger bond angle but the geometry will remain the same. Calculate the infrared spectrum of water Ans. For Hartree-Fock Wave Function and STO-3G basis set. How will the spectrum change when the hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium atoms? Ans. If the hydrogen atoms were replaced by deuterium the mass of the atoms bonding to the oxygen atom increases as deuterium is a heavier isotope that results in a drop in the frequency of vibration of the molecules with similar peaks. How will the spectrum change when the water molecule is in liquid phase rather than in the gas-phase? Ans. For Hartree-Fock Wave Function and STO-3G basis set. Question 2: Do a geometry optimization and frequency for cyclohexane in the chair and boat configurations in the gas phase. Template structures should be available in GaussView. Chose a density functional method and basis set. As this is a relatively large system, I would choose a modest basis set without polarization and diffuse basis functions. Which of the two structures is more stable? Ans. The chair conformer is more stable as compared to boat as the hydrogens in the chair conformation are well separated as compared to the boat conformer leading to less force of repulsion hence less energy and more stability. [3] Calculate the vibrational spectra of both structures. Give a comparison. Ans. Chair Conformation IR Spectra -> Boat Conformation IR Spectra -> More peaks in the IR spectra of the boat conformation due to more interactions. Higher energy due to more interactions as compared to chair conformation. The boat conformation is not stable and is only used for experimental purposes and cannot exist independently. How would you be able to identify percentages of chair and boat configuration from a mixture of the two? Ans. We can easily calculate the percentages of chair to boat by calculating the value of ΆG between chair and boat and equating it to (- RT ln (Q)). The value of Q will give us the ratio of boat to chair conformer in a mixture of two. Chair Conformer Energy Boat Conformer Energy There will be a negligible difference between the energy for Chair Conformer at 10 cycles rather than 9 cycles. Hence, = 28.077 kJ/mol [5] Equating, where R= 0.008314 kJ/molK and T=273.15+27=200.15 K we get, Q=1.29866 * 10^-5 which is the ratio of boat to chair conformer present in the solution. Draw the dipole moment of the chair and boat configuration. Which of those structures will dissolve better in water and why? Ans. Chair conformer of cyclohexane has negligible dipole moment due to symmetry and equal charge distribution. On the other hand Boat conformation of cyclohexane has dipole moment due to the shape of the conformer making it polar due to charge distribution and steric effects. BOAT CONFORMER (Note: Grey spheres are C atoms and Blue spheres are H atoms) Hence the boat conformer is able to dissolve in water but stabilizes soon and turns into the chair conformer making it non-polar and separating it from water. How many different configurations of Fluoro-cyclohexane exist? Draw structures but do not minimize in Gaussian. Ans. Dipole moments of Fluoro-Cyclohexane have increased by a factor of 611.6 as compared to cyclohexane. This explains how the presence of a single fluoride atom instead of a hydrogen impacts the structure and charge distribution of the cyclic hydrocarbon. In turn adding a Fluoride atom also increases the energy of the cyclic hydrocarbon creating less stable structures in boat, twist and half chair increasing and decreasing the amount of other conformers in a solution compared to chair. [4] CHAIR CONFORMER BOAT CONFORMER (NOTE: Grey spheres are C atoms, White Spheres are H atoms and Blue Sphere is F atom) At room temperature only Chair Fluoro-Cyclohexane can exist but may transition between conformations that will be present for negligible time. REFERENCES: http://www.idc-online.com/technical_references/pdfs/chemical_engineering/Molecular_orbitals_for_water.pdf http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/A6/book.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclohexane_conformation http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/sterism2.htm http://www.virginia.edu/ep/Interactions/Constants_Units__Conversions.htm SOFTWARES: Gaussian(R) 09 Art in the Victorian Era | Analysis of Styles Art in the Victorian Era | Analysis of Styles The Victorian era was an age of peace and prosperity in Great Britain. The Victorian style is developed mainly in Great Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria, who became queen at the age of 18 years old. This movement takes place during the peak of the Industrial Revolution, in this moment, the science, as well as every other aspect of the society, were suffering big changes, with technological advances and a loss on the moral and religious values. This brought a search of rising the social dignity and tried to integrate all the arts in this harmonious and beautiful environment. The Victorian Era begins in 1837 and ends by the beginning of the 20th Century. The Victorian art is eclectic, it gathers the best of other styles, coming back to the Medieval. It uses richly ornamented objects and it has a taste for the naturalist inspired motifs, with great excess and saturation on the forms. A great interest for the daily spaces emerges, specially the dining room, for being a meeting point. The medieval themes are frequently used, full of knights and damsels, and comes back to the representation of religious scenes. Regarding to the painting, the Victorian era is a cult to the classical beauty, to counter the ugly modern world, result of an industrial revolution, where several topics are used, from the religious to the historical, and where the representation of women is recurrent. During the Victorian era, several artists tried to imitate the big former artists, previous the Industrial Revolution. The pre-Raphaelite movement is one of the most important of this period, formed by Dante Gabriel Rosetti, William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais, mainly. The pre-Raphaelite tried to fight the teaching on the academies, and all the bad that the Industrial Revolution brought, wanting to recover a more spontaneous art, searching for inspiration on the natural, looking up to the big Reinassance artists. The Lady of Shalott, painted in 1888 by John William Waterhouse is a representative painting of this time. This oil on canvas is held nowadays at the Tate in London. This painting tells the story of Elena, the lady of Shalott, who was confined in a tower where she wove day and night. One day, a whisper announced that a terrible curse will await her if she ever looked at Camelot. In this painting we see Elena in a boat on her way to Camelot. The artist shows us a def enceless young lady, wearing a white tunic. She seems exhausted, a woman who has assumed her faith and her death, with a lost gaze and her arms lay in a surrender position. In the boat, Elena is carrying some of her fabrics, in these fabrics we can observe the adventures of the Knights of the Round Table, as well as the love she feels for Lancelot. The English landscape on the background is reduced to simple strokes. The rich colours and details are used to highlight the central figure. Waterhouse gives importance to the atmosphere, giving less importance to the design. It is a composition of isolation and despair. Waterhouse creates a balance in the composition by opposing the pale figure of the woman on one side of the painting with the horizon on the other. He uses warm and autumnal colours, maybe as a symbolism of Elenas imminent death. Waterhouse captures a sense of sorrow, giving Elena a bewildered look, a woman with no control in her life, a possible nod to the political powe r of women at the time. Victorian society was especially harsh on its female subjects, particularly regarding issues of sexuality and chastity. For instance, Augustus Eggs oil, Misfortune, caused a big shock when it was shown for the first time in 1858 at the Royal Academy. This painting is part of a triptych, which tells us the story of an infidelity and the consequences it had for a woman at the time. The subject of this painting was not only controversial but contemporary and topical. The scene happens in the living room, the husband is holding a letter, evidence of his wifes affair. He is looking to his wife, who is laying on the floor, she is wearing two bracelets in both arms that seem like handcuffs, maybe a symbolism of what the marriage supposed to her. There is religious symbolism as well, there is an apple cut in two, placed in two different spheres of the painting, one half on the floor next to the mother, and the other half by the knife on the table next to the father. On the left side of the p ainting, we see the two children playing with cards, they built a tower which is falling apart, symbolism of the marriage of their parents, only the big sister seems to acknowledge what is happening. We can also see a novel of Balzac at the base of the girls, as well as four small significant paintings on the wall, Adam and Eve expelled from the paradise hanging over the wifes portrait, and one of a shipwreck hanging over the husbands portrait. We can observe a pair of scissors on the table, maybe as a symbolism for the break up. The brushwork is precise, paying attention to the details. Dark colours are predominant in this painting, and the light comes from the left side of the painting, tenuously enlightening the room. Augustus Egg represents the deception of the fallen women, which became almost a trademark of the Victorian period, ex.: The Awakening Conscience by William Holman Hunt, in which we find similitudes such as the mirror in both scenes. The mirror in Eggs painting show s us an open door, through which the mother will soon leave. The mirror gives a sensation of depth by showing us the rest of the room. The Victorian era can be summed up in a series of changes caused by the Industrial Revolution. For many people this period represented a step back of all what had been achieved by the time, that will take artists to romanticize previous times, when everything seemed to be simpler, it was a fight against the progress and the unknown, marked by artistic tendencies which searched for a balance between the what it is beautiful and the new, resulting in a greater richness on the design. These two paintings are a representation of the artistic movement during the Victorian era. They both use recurring topics of the period. Bibliography. Rosenblum, R. Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friederich to Rothko, Icon (Harpe), 1977. Rothenstein, J. Moder English Painters, Arrow Books, 1962. Treble, R. London: Victorian Paintings. The Burlington Magazine 122, no. 925 (1980): 274-77.

Communication Technology Essay -- Mobile Phones, Social Network

Introduction: Communication is the exchange of information and feeling or ideas, which allow the majority of people to get the news of all sides. In addition, we are used the communication every day to let people know what we are doing or thinking even feeling which people are received that by voice, picture or chat. Moreover, communication technologies have made it simple to communicate to friends in the other side of the world by calling them using mobile phone, e-mailing them and writing in our web pages using social networks, such as Face book, Twitter or Messenger. Additionally, many other recourses are used by the majority of people to keep in touch with the world, which they can watch television or listen to the radio especially when they go to work. Therefore, communication technologies are considered one of the most important elements in our lives and that is why this essay is going to define the advantages and disadvantages of communications technology in terms of our health, educ ation and relationships. This essay will elucidate firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of communications technology in health. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages in education. Thirdly, the advantages and disadvantages in relationships. Finally, what scope should people be bothered about our grandchildren’s world if these technologies still run on to develops in the future? Communication Technology in Health: Communication technologies which are played an important part in providing the best healthcare service (European Commission 2011). In addition, there are more advantages and disadvantages from them which this essay will show that. The advantages of communication technology in health: Firstly, give peop... ...unications technology in education is made the education more flexible on other hand one of the disadvantages is teaching by technologies lead to less schools. Furthermore, communications technology can be played an important part to people to contact each other. Otherwise it can be affected and benefited on the relationships for instance, it may be affected communicate face to face and may be benefited help the scholarship students to communicate with their families easily. Finally, communications technology can be affected our grandchildren’s world because using them so much lead to psychological problems. In my opinion, communications technology is very important in our lives whatever the effects of it. In the future the communications technology might be more safety and planned very good to face any problem can be affected to people. Communication Technology Essay -- Mobile Phones, Social Network Introduction: Communication is the exchange of information and feeling or ideas, which allow the majority of people to get the news of all sides. In addition, we are used the communication every day to let people know what we are doing or thinking even feeling which people are received that by voice, picture or chat. Moreover, communication technologies have made it simple to communicate to friends in the other side of the world by calling them using mobile phone, e-mailing them and writing in our web pages using social networks, such as Face book, Twitter or Messenger. Additionally, many other recourses are used by the majority of people to keep in touch with the world, which they can watch television or listen to the radio especially when they go to work. Therefore, communication technologies are considered one of the most important elements in our lives and that is why this essay is going to define the advantages and disadvantages of communications technology in terms of our health, educ ation and relationships. This essay will elucidate firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of communications technology in health. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages in education. Thirdly, the advantages and disadvantages in relationships. Finally, what scope should people be bothered about our grandchildren’s world if these technologies still run on to develops in the future? Communication Technology in Health: Communication technologies which are played an important part in providing the best healthcare service (European Commission 2011). In addition, there are more advantages and disadvantages from them which this essay will show that. The advantages of communication technology in health: Firstly, give peop... ...unications technology in education is made the education more flexible on other hand one of the disadvantages is teaching by technologies lead to less schools. Furthermore, communications technology can be played an important part to people to contact each other. Otherwise it can be affected and benefited on the relationships for instance, it may be affected communicate face to face and may be benefited help the scholarship students to communicate with their families easily. Finally, communications technology can be affected our grandchildren’s world because using them so much lead to psychological problems. In my opinion, communications technology is very important in our lives whatever the effects of it. In the future the communications technology might be more safety and planned very good to face any problem can be affected to people.